Unit 9 Nvq Level 3 Essay Example Essay Example

Unit 9 Nvq Level 3 Essay Example Paper Unit 9 Nvq Level 3 Essay Introduction Unit 9 1. 1 As a nursery nurture you have to add to a program old enough suitable exercises intended to animate the kids you are working with: †¢ Keep an exact record of accomplishment document on your key youngsters †¢ Be a professional dynamic colleague, offering fitting help to your partners †¢ Liaise with and bolster guardians and other relatives †¢ Attend ALL out of working hours exercises, e. g. preparing, month to month staff gatherings, parents’ nights, summer fayre, Christmas celebration, and so on †¢ Be adaptable inside working acts of the Nursery. Be set up to help where required, including residential employments inside the Nursery, e. g. arrangement of nibble suppers, cleaning hardware and so forth †¢ Work with the Manager and her group to guarantee that the Nursery’s theory is reflected †¢ Record mishaps in the mishap book. Ensure that guardians read and sign the report. †¢ Look at the Nursery as a ‘wholeâ€⠄¢, where your assistance is generally required and how you can most successfully address the issues of the kids in your consideration †¢ Make sure that each kid is gathered by somebody known to the Nursery †¢ Respect the privacy of data got Develop your job inside the group, particularly your job as a key specialist †¢ Specified Child Care Tasks: a. Get ready and complete exercises that coordinate the child’s phase of improvement b. Ensure that eating times are a period of lovely social sharing c. Wash and change youngsters as required d. Give solace and warmth to a despondent or wiped out kid †¢ Help to ensure that the earth addresses the issues of Nursery youngsters, mirroring their societies and strict foundations, and phases of improvement †¢ Be mindful of the prominent of the Nursery and to maintain its gauges consistently. . 2 In my job I am required to help the staff, to be solid and fabricate a decent connection with the kids, urging them as well as could be expected in their learning, to help their development in information and help with improving their turn of events, so they can develop comprehensively. To know about any feeble territories that I run over while working with the kids, for instance a youngster that may require additional help inside their numeracy, education or phonics time. I am likewise expected to bargain, as well as could be expected, with testing forceful, impolite or damaged kids. Unit 9 Nvq Level 3 Essay Body Paragraphs While I may need to do this now and again I am likewise mindful that the class educator is there for help. I have needed to manage terrible language utilized by an understudy when managing the youngster I clarified that the words utilized where not words that ought to be utilized. I discovered why the understudy had said those words and asked what words we could use. Just as working with my own class educator I can be asked now and again to proceed to help another instructor in another class. I am relied upon to adjust rapidly to the next class and to the exercise there having. My job additionally implies that I will bolster the kids so they are sure about their excursion however the school. It is significant that I behave in the right way inside the school as kids will frequently reflect others activities. I stay proficient consistently and act properly. 2. 1 As an aspect of our responsibilities job it is imperative to complete intelligent practice particularly on the grounds that w e work with youngsters/youngsters and our viability will affect them and their learning. Intelligent practice implies considering and assessing what you do and talking about any progressions which could be made. This implies concentrating on how we interface with partners, administration clients and the earth. It implies contemplating how we could have accomplished something in an unexpected way, what we progressed admirably, what we could have improved. How we can improve what you have done. It likewise implies mirroring our own qualities, convictions and encounters which shape our musings and thoughts. This will permit us to get a more clear image of your own conduct and a superior comprehension of our qualities and shortcomings so we can gain from our own errors and take suitable future activities. Improving the nature of our exhibition: †Allows us a target take a gander at our training so as to improve †Helps us to perceive what we progress admirably with the goal that we can apply these abilities in different circumstances †Improves proficient judgment †Helps us to gain from victories and slip-ups to upgrade advancement †Helps us to get ready for future circumstances and in this manner react all the more decidedly to change †Enables us to apply the aptitude of reflection to the self-awareness cycle Reflective practice permits us to help the youngsters better and better-in the event that we have worries about how the meeting went we can think back and work out what more we could have done. We may have utilized one asset and thought that it was valuable and afterward pick it again with another kid. 2. 3 Everyone has various qualities, convictions and inclinations. What you put stock in, what you see as significant and what you see as satisfactory or attractive is a basic piece of what your identity is. The manner by which you react to individuals is connected to what you put stock in, what you consider significant and what intr igues you. You may discover you respond emphatically to individuals who share your qualities and less heartily to individuals who have various needs. At the point when you create companionships, it is normal to invest energy with individuals who share your inclinations and qualities. Nonetheless, the expert connections you create with individuals you support are another issue. As an expert, you are required to give a similar nature of help for all, not only for the individuals who share your perspectives and convictions. This may appear glaringly evident, however realizing what you have to do and accomplishing it effectively isn't something very similar. 3. 1 It is a nursery nurse’s obligation to give a sheltered, warm and caring condition where youngsters feel invited and cherished and can learn and create at their own pace, with direction and oversight as suitable, all together that parent may have true serenity to go to work realizing that their child’s prosperity i s fundamental. The obligations and duties are: †¢ To tune in to guardians as specialists on their own youngsters, to regard families conventions and childcare rehearses and to follow parents’ wishes as intently as conceivable inside the setting of thinking about kids from a few unique families. †¢ To design and give exercises and assets suitable to each child’s age, phase of improvement and individual needs and interests with due respect the prerequisites of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). †¢ To give a sheltered domain, both at the kid minders property and on trips. To show youngsters safe practices and to hold a present emergency treatment authentication. †¢ To keep up teach and support positive conduct. †¢ To know about the signs and manifestations which demonstrate the chance of misuse and to know about the present method for detailing concerns. †¢ To furnish a fluctuated healthful menu with due respect to the dietary prerequis ites of every youngster, guardians wishes and the present proficient proposals for children’s eats less carbs. †¢ To give a solid situation and to urge youngsters to settle on sound decisions. To liaise with and, where essential, to look for guidance from experts, with due respect to privacy, including preschool pioneers, teachers, wellbeing guest. †¢ To cling to necessities set out by important specialists, for example, Ofsted, protection suppliers, inland income. †¢ To agree to significant enactment, for example, that covering wellbeing and security, food cleanliness, fire or arranging prerequisites and to keep proper records with due respect to secrecy. †¢ To meet the prerequisites of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). A kid minder ought to likewise love and sustain each kid so they become certain and solid and form into sound and caring youngsters and grown-ups. 4. 1 While at work it causes me when I have an examination meeting with the administr ator, this is on the grounds that I can choose the things I figure I do best and the things I don’t do on a par with I ought to do. This is additionally valuable as the director will have a few focuses to address me about things so then I can utilize these to assist me with turning into an expert nursery professional. It’s likewise helpful when I get regulated through new things e. at the point when I originally got key kids I got so much assistance and oversight through this that it caused me to get more grounded at work. 5. 1 The reasons why it is essential to assess learning exercises are: †¢ To perceive what is working and what necessities expelling or changing †¢ To survey how the exercises are being conveyed and how they could be improved †¢ To perceive how the exercises are being gotten by the members Evaluation is significant as it assists when arranging and causes you to think about the discovering that has occurred. Investing energy experiencin g the learning exercises and perceiving how understudies have reacted to a specific undertaking or question, can truly enable re-to shape it for future classes. It is additionally critical to glance back at the learning objects so you can gauge what the kids have realized. In the event that you don't contemplate learning targets at the arranging stage, it won't generally be conceivable to assess whether understudies have accomplished them. Learning goals should be clear for this to be conceivable. †¢ Learners must comprehend what the results mean. †¢ They should be feasible. †¢ We should have the option to evaluate students against them. Assessing causes you to check whether something is succeeding or may require evolving. On the off chance that understudies zoomed through the action and, at that point looked rather exhausted then it would be clear that the tas

Podcast 2 Proposal Essays - World Wide Web, Behavioral Addiction

Web recording 2 Proposal For the web recording task, I will utilize Source f orge Audacity programming. It is an open source undertaking and allowed to utilize application. Daringness is multi-track sound editorial manager and recorder for Windows, Mac OS X, GNU/Linux . This is moderately simple to utilize sound apparatus. I have some experience utilizing the application, yet not for podcasting purposes. I've been tuning in to a couple digital recordings, for example, Talking Tesla and ESL webcasts. In my second digital recording, I woul d like to discuss computer game enslavement . Most meanings of computer game compulsion allude to over the top play which brings about negative passionate, social, social, instructive, or vocation outcomes. There are a few indications of computer game enslavement: s pending the greater part of one's extra time playing computer games , f requently playing computer games for six to eight hours relentless , l oss of enthusiasm for social exercises and so forth. I will talk about I s v ideo g ame a ddiction a major probl em . I will utilize the following sources: http://mediasmarts.ca/computer games/worries about-computer games http://www.techaddiction.ca/dependence on video-games.html http://www.techaddiction.ca/computer game addiction.html https://www.forbes.com/locales/quora/2017/08/11/how-large of-an issue is-computer game habit/#54472e8c3c4d https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_controversies

Book Riots Deals of the Day for February 19th, 2019

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Essay on Lab - 1936 Words

1 Abstract nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The experiment conducted regarding Memory Processes tested individuals on their ability to store and retrieve words. The levels on which words were stored were structural, the lowest level, phonetic, the next highest level, and semantic, the highest level of processing. The experiment is based on the recall and reorganization of the words from group they show during the experiment. The experiment conducted supported hypotheses regarding a subject’s performance on retrieving words at different levels. The independent variables were the encoding levels, and they manipulated the dependent variables by affecting the time in which a word could be received due to its placement on a processing level.†¦show more content†¦Next, the subjects were asked to retrieve words based on clues, or the process of recognition. The data collected from the Memory lab then examined the subject’s ability to retrieve 3 stored knowledge according to the level on which it was encoded and could be remembered. There were several hypotheses drawn prior to the conduction of the memory lab. The first was that subjects would be more likely to remember words by recognition, rather than free recall. The second hypothesis was that words stored on a higher level of encoding would more likely be retrieved than those words stored on a lower level. The third hypothesis maintained that since there was a more in depth process of retrieval regarding higher levels of encoding, such as semantic processing, the time in seconds for the retrieval of a particular word would more likely be longer in duration than that of a word retrieved on a lower level, such as orthographic processing. Method Participants: The subjects in this experiment were collegiate students at the University of Connecticut. There where 8 male and 12 female participated in the experiment, there were a total of 20 students ranging from 18 to 20 years of age. Design: The Independent variables in this experiment were structural encoding, phonemic encoding, and semantic encoding. TheShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis Kaspersky Lab: from Russia with Anti-Virus Essay2780 Words   |  12 PagesCase Analysis Kaspersky Lab: From Russia with Anti-virus Industry Background: Software Security Cybercrime has become a fast growing concern for the 21st century as businesses, institutions and individuals grow into an interconnected web of computer networks. Online business transactions, along with the sharing of personal information, are vulnerable to a host of disasters that can reap economic and social havoc. Some sources say that today, cybercrime costs more than $1.0 trillion to society--GlobalRead MoreThe Merger Between Alcatel Lucent And Nokia1592 Words   |  7 Pagesby Ravi S. 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This lab also allowed the lab students to understand the importance of staining, bright-field microscopy, spectrophotometry, and the fluorescence microscopy. The hypothesis for this lab would be that for the mixture without the antibiotic would have an increase in the absorbance rate. The mixtures withRead MoreLab Report On The Lab2594 Words   |  11 Pages buffer, pestle grinder, centrifuge, phenol-chloroform, a vortex, agarose gel and dye, PCR water, 1.5 mL tubes and RNase. PCR Amplication- This lab involves the amplification of the 18s rRNA or actin genes. The lab starts with getting the PCR tube, labeled as DNA. Then, 2.5 microliters of DNA template from the week before must be added to the DNA tube. Forty-seven and a half microliters of PCR Master Mix is then added to the DNA tube. This micture must be placed on ice until placed in thermal cyclerRead MoreLab Report On The Lab3168 Words   |  13 Pagesfor the lab. Knowing the steps for the lab is extremely important because especially in chemistry if something is done out of order it can be dangerous. So recording the procedure in our lab book is important. This relates to my major of Political Science in that in Political Science, recording down things accurately is very important and if something isn’t recorded accurately it could be dangerous like in chemistry lab. In my lab report for the Density Lab I recorded the steps to the lab. The objective

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Mla Style Annotated Bibliography

If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Mla Style Annotated Bibliography There are totally free essay resources on the internet that are designed to supply professionally written papers for people in demand of essay writing help or inspiration. If you don't, or whether you're citing something which's not a book, you will need to locate another application. Simply take the not to incorporate any unnecessary details, since the purpose is to mla each source as succinctly as possible and, in some instances, evaluate them. In order to ensure students get the ideal assistance from us, we supply segmented services. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Mla Style Annotated Bibliography This paper was updated to adhere to the style guidelines in. The point is to make certain that your penis is at all times remaining close to the entrance of your partner's vaginal canal when you are thrusting. There are two sites that I've found to be really good if you are interested in finding sex. As you follow along, select the annotated that's suited to your style if you're employing a different example. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Mla Style Annotated Bibliography In case you have just the an assignment that demands an MLA annotated bibliography, you might be wondering where to get started. Just keep in mind that APA has running head, and it ought to be visible on the bibliography pages too. If you are concerned about how to compose an MLA annotated bibliography, then do not worry, you're not alone. Next bibliography a good example of the exact source in APA style. When citing sources be certain to use the appropriate citation style for the training course. A companion bibliography is important to the NHD job since it shows. A beneficial bibliography can contain a number of the above demonstrators, all of these. This guide starts to learn more about the poet's works and suggests her capacity to improve an audience's collective memory. You should examine and review precise terms briefly, then you should sort out works that supply a selection of perspectives on your topic. Then you aren't alone, writing an annotated index is daunting for the bulk of students. Knowing the intent of this approach to your references list can help style that you obtain all of annotated benefits that the approach provides. The very first paragraph provides a succinct overview of the author's project in the book, covering the key points of the job. So an apostrophe does not have any place within it. Opening sentences offer background for thesis. This resou rce delivers additional info on how best to compose a bibliography with annotations in different formats. Quite often it's essential to resort to the usage of outside sources. It is important that you learn how to value the sources you find to guarantee that they are accurate, trustworthy, and timely. Collecting sources is always helpful, but if you want to compose annotations for every one of those sources, you must read resources more carefully. Along with forming the citations, you may also put in your annotation text to make the comprehensive entry for each source. The kind of the annotations ought to be concise, clear, and. When it regards annotation, you start to read more critically rather than just gathering information. An annotation usually means that there is. Some instances, if required by means of a template to follow citation. Annotated bibliography builder in a variety of fashions. If you don't know the precise spot in which you have saved the file, choose Desktop. Paper isn't as tough as it looks. To begin with, choose the bibliography you're going to be using to format your paper. This section has resources on. You start to read more critically rather than just collecting information. You'll be assigned an element to research and to finish a More details. Then you will have the choice to add additional relevant or necessary info. Most also consist of sample annotated bibliography entries in a multitude of fashions. When you have identified all the sources you want to include, you will merely must insert what you've already written on the webpage and write your introduction, which is explained in the next section. The source page ought to be the previous page of the paper. This format is simply utilized in MLA. To learn more about any specific element of the citation samples, check with the tab inside this LibGuide titled Elements of a Citation, which will offer information on what things to do if, as an example, the journal you're citing has multiple authors. This list is normally alphabetized and is called Resources, Works Cited or Bibliography. Reference list or works cited is a critical portion of the paper.

What Is Literature Free Essays

What is Literature? Literature is the voice of the times. Literature is something to look back and stay as the voice of the generation. What is literature? That is a question you can ask a thousand times and get back a thousand different answers and opinions in which all could be seen as correct. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Literature? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Literature can only be defined by the people with above average intellect, who grasp the writing concept, and understand literature work. What is literature? Literature is defined, has a history, be written with high intellect, and will forever impact the human race and the people that live through it. Literature is defined as, â€Å"written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit† (Oxford Dictionary). Literature is the historical writings of past civilizations as well as the present that will stay as the voice and life of the people that lived through the time; however, it is the works of extreme literary intellect that stands as the obvious examples of literature works. It’s the views, opinions, and interest of a group of people that is spread in folk tales, poetry, songs, pamphlets, biographies, novels, essays, and articles spreading the overall message to everyone that comes in contact with it. The impact of a piece of literature work can change the course of history. The Bible may very well be the most influential piece of literature that has ever been produced. Its impact has changed the lives of billions of people over the course of history. Some say the Bible is not literature, for it’s the voice of God. The Bible is an influential writing piece that stands as the voice of the people with extreme intellectual properties that shares the views and opinions of the people that is passed down from generation to generation. The Bible is the most important historical piece of literature ever written. In order to consider a written piece literature, the work must show that it has a specific view, interest or opinion that expresses a voice or story that can impact the minds of those who read it and receive an immediate reaction. The pieces stand the test of time and show a historical influence to those who read it. Examples such as Hamlet, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, Hymn to Beauty, and the Bible all have stood the test of time and shared ntellectual views while impacting the people who come in contact with it. The most important test to see wither a piece of literature work is truly one of great importance is the test of historical influence. Did the piece influence people of its time? Is the piece still receiving reactions from those who read it? English literature will always have a place in our generations and looked back on how we lived our lives. The question to how this generation will be pe rceived in the future is unknown. Will social media take place of great novels and beautiful poetry? Will today’s slang be the new edition of the English language tomorrow? This is already seen by the judgment of the Oxford Dictionary adding the words, sexting to describe sexual text messages, LOL and OMG, and the symbol 3 to its next edition dictionary (Gibson). The biggest concern is the direction that this world is going to. It’s how we look upon and value the public images of the people we look up to. Emily Dickinson is replaced by Kim Kardashian and Mark Twain is replaced by Justin Beiber (Hubbard). The works created by Kim and Justin will not influence the people of the next generations and the value of a good literary piece may be compromised. It is a great shame where in order to read good literature pieces for our English classes, we look to works written hundreds of years ago and not the work created in the world we live in. No historical influence, no great literature pieces. Finally, for a piece of written work to be thought of as literature, the work must be written with high intellect. This is the challenge facing the written works written today. Today, it is challenged to write your thoughts and opinions in short burst of words and characters that usually need to be in 140 characters or less. Why write out the entire â€Å"without† when you can just type â€Å"w/o† and mean the same thing (Brotman). The great works of literature have always been written with the highest levels of vocabulary and writing styles. It’s the hidden messages and underlined themes that make a piece of literature so great! It’s like a puzzle waiting to be solved! What is he trying to say? What does she mean in that line? The best part, is the way an author says one sentence can be interpreted in so many different and unique ways, for it takes great skill and studying a piece of literature that captivates the reader into deep analysis with emotional attachments. The difference between a good writer of literature and a great writer of literature is the lasting impact they leave on the reader. The ability to make the reader think about the piece way after they put it down, for it’s the lasting impact the writer gives the reader that can change the way the reader views a subject for the rest of the reader’s life. In conclusion, literature is defined, has a history, is written with high intellect, and will forever impact the human race and the people that lived through it. The opinion of one writer on the exact definition of literature will never be the same as the next. Different characteristics and attributes given into every piece will decide its fate on wither or not it’s good enough to be unanimously chosen as good literature. The piece needs to share a story or view an opinion of the writer, show great influence, make its mark on history of the generation, and be written with high nough intellect to show it’s true value and importance on the reader. How can something so well-known and something that is constantly written about have so many debates and opinions on what it really means? It is the great minds who constantly analyze and study literacy pieces so much; they connect with it in a different way. For it’s the way you connect to literature that makes it so spec ial. It’s the way you attach to your favorite pieces that will forever create your own personal reaction to such a simple question. What is literature? How to cite What Is Literature?, Papers

Green Thought By Jon Stallworthy Reading Response Essay Example

Green Thought By Jon Stallworthy Reading Response Paper Green Thought by Jon Stallworthy is an interesting and valuable poem about love. During my essay I will justify why Green Thought is a worthy poem to be entered into a young students poem anthology. The poem is an excellent choice because of Stallworthys choice of characters, imagery and his skill in showing the power that love has to heal. Within the poem, Stallworthy tells a story of love and death. Written in first person narrative, the poet describes an old man as he reminisces about his wife during the good times, and bad. Ultimately, the young poet learns a valuable lesson about love through the experiences of this old man. The story within the poem is one of my reasons for choosing this poem as it is about a mature romance, so young adults would benefit and learn a lot about love from it. The poem also shows us that life is a very precious thing so we should live our life to the very best we can, as we cannot predict what will happen in the future. But most of all, teenagers would benefit from the hope the story conveys. It gives hope that in any bad situation we can anticipate and expect good events to follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Green Thought By Jon Stallworthy Reading Response specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Green Thought By Jon Stallworthy Reading Response specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Green Thought By Jon Stallworthy Reading Response specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Despite being a story of mature love, which may seem to be an unusual subject for younger readers to enjoy, the lesson learned about love in the poem is very relevant. It gives readers the hope and expectations that love can have the power to heal pain. Seen through the eyes of the young poet, it helps the young students to relate to the story through Stallworthys perceptions of events. Similar to the young readers, the poet admits to not know much about love, so the theme of the story could be very educational. I expect that Stallworthys perspective of the old man would also be similar to the readers. His observations are very reliable as he conveys that we learn from older and more experienced people, as that is where our perception of life comes from. The poet effectively creates a variety of different images during the course of the poem. From the opening lines I knew the comparison between love and grass was definitely effective. He has described love as common as grass. From this image, I imagined that what was meant by it, is love is everywhere. Even though it may sometimes refuse to take root on a lawn, which means that even when you cannot seem to receive or give love when and where you want, it will always appear very unexpectedly. Love is a constantly growing factor in life. Not only is love a positive and significant occurrence, it is also able to split asphalt. This image tells us that love is very destructive. Love also has the ability to bury a bombsite. This means that love is a very effective healer and can cover over hurt. Being able to grow in any ditch, niche or gutter, shows love is persistently surrounding us, even between the most unlikely of couples. The realistic portrayal of the characters throughout the story is another reason for choosing the poem. The old man in the story is conveyed as a well dressed and mannerly man with his scrupulous tweeds and courtesy, and someone who we would regard as a grandfather figure. I feel that we are able to look up to him and that many people will be able to relate to his personality and description as of that of someone they know. When he is dressed up he is described as part of the ritual tea while he remembers a girl, not yet his wife and how happy things used to be. The readers would be able to feel compassion for the old man at this point in the poem. The portrayal of his wife is two sided. In the good times, she is regarded as a happy character, who runs for more tea into the singing kitchen. The personification of the kitchen is an effective way of an example of how happy she was. However, the image of her is soon changed to that of a gaunt, tragedy queen. This is a very dramatic image of her as an unhappy person which is a very reliable description as the man only had selective memories of her as a princess not nineteen and he only remembered the good times. Tears and agonies, that even the doctors could not understand backs up my earlier view of a mental illness and shows her depressive moods. I imagine being around her at this point would be quite traumatic as the last tantrum ended by her hand. This childlike connotation and the repetitiveness of the word conveys some kind of mental illness and uncontrolled emotions that she had. It is shown how important this love is to the man by the ritual of the Sunday afternoons. This religious imagery is then continued with the woman; as he loved her so much he even worshipped her in a religious sense. The shrine this is continues the imagery as a shrine is seen as a religious and special place, and I think that as this ritual was so important to him, it actually became like a religion. The effective descriptions, images and lessons learned from the legend of the funeral in the poem are definitely very positive reasons for choosing this poem. He is described to be brought to the brink of her graveside. This makes me imagine he is physically brought face to face with what he refuses to accept, but also that he is mentally brought to the end of her life and the funeral makes it all final. Again, imagery is used to expose emotion. Healed with fine snow, is a perfect example, in that the snow is healing the pain of the mourners. The personification of every tree in sight bowing a moonlit head illustrates that even the trees were respecting her death by bowing in sympathy with him. In some way, the old man is protected by love. The snow falls by bandaging the bruised earth. This means that love acts like a bandage to a temporary scar. As the old mans love for his wife was so powerful, it was able to bandage the pain that she is gone. The snow has even more effect by being so peaceful and tranquil. It made the circumstances seem less harsh and eased the pain slightly. Due to Stallworthys excellent use of imagery, description and characters, I have learned a lot about love. I have learned that even in the most damaging, painful situations, love will always have the power to heal pain. In particular, the poets character analysis has given me very high expectations about love and marriage. The old man is a perfect example of how love should be. The vows made in marriage were certainly kept in his case. He loved his wife in sickness and in health, no matter how bad it seemed he did not leave her; this is true love. In conclusion, I definitely believe that this poem is suitable to be included in a poetry anthology for young students, simply because it gives hope, expectations and explanations of what love is and any young reader would benefit from the lessons learned about love in this poem.

teen suicide essays

teen suicide essays The purpose of this paper is to explain the causes of teen suicide. This paper will include statistics and some background information on suicide survivors. Also this paper will discuss some warning signs of teen suicide. It is important to take the subject of suicide seriously. It doesnt seem right that a teenager, who has lived for such a short time, would choose to die, but those who cant get over their depression sometimes do. Teen suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people aged 15 to 24 and the fourth leading cause of death for persons between the aged of 10 to 14 and it seems to be on the rise (Hyde and Forsythe). Only accidental deaths and homicide follow it. Some experts believe that many "accidental" deaths are actually suicides. According to a 1999 Center for Disease Control and Prevention study, 27% of high school students thought about suicide, 16% had a plan and 8% made an attempt(Madison). Suicide effects teens of all races and social standing. Boys commit suicide more often than girls do. It could be because it's easier to get the tools for suicide, boys usually use firearms and girls often us pills, so since the gun is more deadly, boys complete suicide (Kla gsbrun). Over the past 15 years, the rate among girls has scarcely changed, but the rate among boys has tripled. Also, the rate among non-white males, even thought it is still lower than the white male rate, has been rising most quickly of all. Suicide remains the second leading cause of death among whites after accidents and the third among blacks after homicides and accidents. Teen suicide is now considered a national mental health problem(Roy). The main two causes for teen suicide is the mental disease of depression and family problems(Hyde and Forsythe). Ninety percent of teen suicide victims have at least one diagnosable, active psychiatric illness at the time of the death, which is most ...

Profile of Rae Carruth

Profile of Rae Carruth His Early Years Rae Carruth was born in January 1974, in Sacramento, California. As a child and into his teens, he seemed to have a focus; he wanted to be a professional football player. He was a high school All-American and popular with his classmates. Academically he struggled, but eventually he won a sports scholarship to college. His Football Career: Carruth was recruited as a wide receiver at the University of Colorado in 1992. While there, he maintained his point average and had no disciplinary issues. In 1997, the Carolina Panthers selected Carruth in their first-round draft pick. At age 23, he signed a four-year contract for $3.7 million as a starting wide receiver. In 1998, with just one season under his belt, he broke his foot. In 1999, he sprained his ankle and there were rumors that he was becoming a liability to the Panthers. His Lifestyle: Rae Carruth dated many women. Financially, his commitments began to surpass his monthly income. He lost a paternity suit in 1997 and was committed to child support payments of $3,500 a month. He also made bad investments. Money was getting tight and with his injuries, his future concerned him. It was during this time that he learned 24-year old Cherica Adams was pregnant with his child. Their relationship was described as casual and Carruth never stopped dating other women. Cherica Adams: Cherica Adams grew up in Kings Mountain, North Carolina eventually relocating to Charlotte. There she attended college for two years then became an exotic dancer. She met Carruth and the two began dating casually. When she became pregnant, Carruth asked her to have an abortion, but she refused. Her family said she was excited about having a baby, choosing the name Chancellor for her unborn son. She told friends, that after Carruth hurt his ankle, he became distant. The Crime: On Nov. 15, 1999, Adams and Carruth met for a date. This was only their second date since Adams informed Carruth of her pregnancy. They attended a 9:45 p.m. movie at the Regal Cinema in South Charlotte. When the movie was over, they left in separate cars and Adams followed behind Carruth. Within minutes of leaving the cinema, a car drove up along side Adams and one of the occupants began firing his gun directly at her. She was struck with four bullets into her back, damaging vital organs. The 911 Call: Struggling in pain, Cherica dialed 9-1-1. She told the dispatcher what happened and that she felt Carruth was involved in the shootings. With tears from pain, she explained that she was seven months pregnant with Carruth’s child. By the time police arrived, no suspects were to be found and Adams was rushed to the Carolina’s Medical Center. She went into surgery immediately and the doctors were able to save her baby boy, Chancellor Lee, even though he was 10-weeks premature. Dying Declaration: Adams was hanging onto life and somehow found the strength to write out notes based on her recollection of the events that took place during the shooting. In those notes, she indicated that Carruth had blocked her car so she could not escape the deadly bullets. She wrote that Carruth was there during the attack. Based on her notes and other evidence, the police arrested Carruth for conspiring to commit first-degree murder, attempted murder, and shooting into an occupied vehicle. The Charges Change to Murder: Also arrested for involvement in the crime was Van Brett Watkins, a habitual criminal; Michael Kennedy, who was believed to be the driver of the car; and Stanley Abraham, who was in the passenger seat of the car during the shootings. Carruth was the only one of the four who posted a $3 million bond with the agreement that if Adams or the baby died he would turn himself back in to the police. On December 14, Adams died from of her injuries. The charges against the four changed to murder. Carruth Takes Off: When Carruth found out that Adams died, he decided to flee instead of turning himself in, as promised. FBI agents found him in the trunk of a friends car in Wildersville, TN. and placed him back into custody. Up to this point, the Panthers had Carruth on paid leave, but once he became a fugitive, they severed all ties with him. The Trial: The trial took 27 days with testimony from 72 witnesses. The prosecutors argued that Carruth was the one who arranged to have Adams killed because he did not want to pay child support. The defense argued that the shooting was a result of a drug deal that Carruth was supposed to finance, but backed out of, at the last minute. Prosecution turned to the handwritten notes of Adams, that described how Carruth blocked her car so she could not escape from the gunshots. Phone records showed calls made from Carruth to co-defendent, Kennedy, around the time of the shooting. Michael Kennedy refused immunity for his testimony against Carruth. During his testimony, he said that Carruth wanted Adams dead so he did not have to pay child support. He also testified that Carruth was at the scene, blocking Adams car. Watkins, the man accused of shooting the gun, accepted a plea bargain to testify against Carruth in exchange for life instead of the death sentence. The prosecutor did not call him to the stand because of a statement he gave to a sheriff’s deputy that Carruth had nothing to do with the murder. He said Carruth backed out on a drug deal and they followed him to talk to him about it. He said they pulled up to Adams car to find out where Carruth was headed, and Adams made an obscene gesture to them. Watkins said he lost it and just started shooting. The defense decided to call Watkins to the stand, but Watkins denied ever saying anything about it being a drug deal, sticking to his plea agreement. Ex-girlfriend, Candace Smith, testified that Carruth admitted to her that he was involved in the shooting but he didnt pull the trigger. Over 25 people testified on Carruths behalf. Carruth never took the stand. Rae Carruth was found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder, shooting into an occupied vehicle and using an instrument to destroy an unborn child and was sentenced to 18-24 years in prison. Source:Court TVRae Carruth News - The New York Times

Consumer Protection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consumer Protection - Assignment Example This rule does not aim at shielding sellers who involve themselves in bad faith or fraudulent dealings by misleading, or false representations concerning the condition or quality of certain goods. It merely suggests that a buyer must judge, examine and test a good considered for buying. The current trend in laws protecting customers has reduced the efficiency of this rule. Even though, the consumer is still obligated to inspect goods upon buying them, the seller is being given more responsibilities, and the caveat venditor principle meaning "let the seller beware" has now become extremely prevalent. There exists a legal presumption whereby a seller should make some warranties, not unless in cases where the seller and the buyer agree otherwise (Devenney, & Kenny, 2011). A seller who does the business of often selling a certain product has greater responsibilities in relating with any average consumer. By using the term "as is" the seller did limit his liability against the buyer. As o f the doctrine of caveat emptor, the buyer of the car was not in a position to claim damages he incurred when he got injured from the brake failure from the seller. Question 2 Puffery refers to claims and promotional statements that instead of expressing objective views, they express subjective views and no "reasonable person" can take these views literally. Puffery mostly appears in testimonials, and it puffs up the image of the thing under description. Puffery is utilized in product promotion with an aim of making the product extra appealing by using bombastic, subjective, and hard to prove claims. Several people have claimed that some organizations easily cross the boundary differentiating puffery from other misleading claims. In many countries, there are laws that permit organizations to involve puffery; this differentiates mere puffery from real factual claims that would result in misleading a consumer (Cseres, 2005). What mainly distinguishes a puffery is the fact that it is n ot considered seriously by consumers. When doing product evaluations in order to whether to purchase or not to buy a product, consumers are always aware that the claim is never literal. The Federal Trade Commission monitors misleading and deceptive advertising, although puffery is not considered to be against the law. The FTC claims that consumers should be aware of these statements, and they should not take the exaggeration seriously (Winn, 2006). For instance, if a soda industry advertises a â€Å"healthy† product, lawyers can enquire if customers should interpret that to say the soda is healthier compared to other related products or to mean the soda is good for their health. If such a claim happens to be puffery, customers interpret it to mean the soda is healthier compared to its competitors, but if it happens to be a misleading claim, customers may interpret that the soda has health benefits. FTC can step in to take a suitable action whenever there is no adequate proof to back up a puffery (Devenney, & Kenny, 2011). Question 3 Identity theft results when individuals better known as fraudsters get access to sufficient details about another person’s identity to carry out identity fraud and other crimes. Personal information may include the victim’s date of birth, their identifying number, their name, their credit card number, and their previous or current addresses. Identity theft can happen regardless of the fraud victim being

Learning, Knowledge and Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Learning, Knowledge and Performance - Essay Example The discourse also considers the Kolb learning system and influences of improving the situation at Siemens. Siemens organization did not consider earlier knowledge management, yet it is an economic resource for the company. It is essential for Siemens to recognize that sharing of knowledge is a significant element of knowledge management. Knowledge management is not part of the success strategy in the learning and knowledge at Siemens. Employees own knowledge and incorporating them into institutional knowledge at Siemens relies on the cultural behavior regarding sharing knowledge (Morey, Maybury, Bhavani, &Thuraisingham2002, p. 23).It is the role of the company to inculcate the culture of knowledge sharing among employees. Employees at Siemens comprehend that sharing of knowledge is significant but do not share amongst them because they hold it an important asset that can make them remain valuable at the company (Sonbuchner 1991, p. 31). It is not possible to force employees to share knowledge neither is it advisable. However, employees induced or motivated to do so. The system at Siemens constitutes motivational methods to induce workers into adopting the behavior of sharing knowledge, the biggest cha llenge emanates from changing the current behavior of employees (MacKeracher 1996, p. 56). Changing behavior is directly proportional to the success of sharing knowledge and the effectiveness of knowledge management (Stewart & Rigg 2011, p. 41). The value of sharing knowledge in knowledge management requires understanding ways through which employees remain motivated to share knowledge in a way that helps the overall intellectual advantage of Siemens (Kiersey1984). The knowledge gaps at Siemens are barriers in attaining desired goals in the company (Jones& Carr 1987, p. 69). The climate and culture at Siemens play a significant role in developing the process of sharing knowledge among

Analysis of SSR Sequences in Rice

Analysis of SSR Sequences in Rice 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1. Plant Material Total of twenty one introgression lines carrying African rice genes and its parent lines were used in this study (table 1) 3.2. Methods 3.2.1. DNA extraction Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves of the seedlings grown in fields of Huazhong Agricutural University, Wuhan, China. Method used was according to Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method reported by Xu et al. (2011), but with some improvements. Preparation of 1.5%CTAB buffer CTAB 3.0g 1M Tris pH8.0 15.0ml 0.5M EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), pH8.0 6.0ml NaCl 12.28g dd H2O 200.0ml PVP40Mw40, 000 1.0g Tris-base buffer to make sure pH=8 Two gram of fresh or frozen leaf tissue was ground to a fine powder in liquid nitrogen with a conical hand tissue grinder by using mortar and pestle. The powder was transferred to 1.5ml Eppendorf tube content 750ÃŽ ¼L of 1.5*CTAB and 25ÃŽ ¼L ÃŽ ² –mercaptoethanol. Then incubated for 1hour in a 65 ºC water bath with an interval mixing by inverting the tubes every 15min. Add 750ÃŽ ¼L of chloroform: Isoamyl alcohol (24:1) was done in a fume hood. The samples were gentle mixed by shaking for 30min in shaker at room temperature and then spin in the microfuge at 10000rpm for 10min to precipitate the cell debris. The upper aqueous phase (supernatant) was pipette and transferred into fresh eppendorf tubes. The same volume from preceding mix was put to the liquid in fresh eppendorf and the mixed shaking for 30 min in the shaker then spin in microfuge at 10000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was pipette and transferred to fresh eppendorf tubes, and then 2/3 the volume from iso-propyl alcohol 70% was added to each sample, then the samples was put in refrigerator 1 hour. After that centrifuged for 3 min with the rotational speed of 7000 rpm in 220c. After this step DNA collected on the tube sides. The supernatant was carefully discarded from the tube, DNA pellets appeared as tiny white tear drop-shaped smears on the tube sides. The pellets were washed twice with 75% ethanol, then air dried by inverting the tubes up side down over tissue paper. To re-dissolve DNA pellets 100ÃŽ ¼L of ddH2O was added to the tubes and immediately stored at –200C 3.2.2. Quality and quantity check of DNA DNA was checked for its purity and then quantified. The genomic DNA was run on 1.0% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide and photographed under UV transilluminator using Image Lab TM software Version 4.0.1. The concentrations of the pure genomic DNA as assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis were estimated on spectrophotometer ND-2000. Based on the quantification data, all the genomic DNA samples were diluted to a final concentration of 100 ng†¢ÃŽ ¼L-1 with double-distilled water (ddH2O) and stored at -20o C for further use. 3.2.3. SSR analysis 3.2.3.1. PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis A total of 50 microsatellite primer pairs were used for analyzing and identification 21 genotypes and then 22 polymorphic primers were selected to provide genetic identity and assess the genetic relationships among genotypes. PCR was performed in 20 ÃŽ ¼L reactions by using Thermal cycler touchdown as described by Don, et al. (1991), with some modifications. PCR mixture component The Touchdown-PCR program: PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis using 2.0% agarose gel in 1x Tris Acetic cid EDTA (TAE), stained with ethidium bromide solution. then gel was visualized and photographed under UV light using Image Lab TM software Version 4.0.1. The SSR markers with high polymorphism were further used in SSR fingerprinting analysis 3.2.3.2. 6% denature polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used an unique analytical tool for many studies related to the identification of cultivars, species and F1 hybrids 3.2.3.2.1. Materials A. preparation of 6% PAGE for SSR analysis B. preparation of 10*TBE (Tris-borate EDTA) buffer Dissolved in 800 ml double distilled water, filtered through 0.22  µm filter paper, made up to 1000 ml. C. preparation of 40% Acrylamide d. Silver staining Preparation of silver solution 2.5g AgNO3 (Silver nitrate) 2000 ml Distilled water Then shaking well Preparation of developer solution 28g NaOH (Sodium hydroxide) 10ml HCHO (Formaldehyde) 2000 ml Distilled water 3.2.3.2.2. Method The large and short spacer glass plates, combs, and other pertinent materials were cleaned with water and completely dry. The inside of both plates were cleaned with 95% ethanol to facilitate drying. 650ÃŽ ¼L of Repel-silane was applied to long plate and spread evenly using tissue paper. 800ÃŽ ¼L of glide-acrylamide (200ÃŽ ¼L qin he gui wan + 10 ml 75% alcohol then agitate) was applied to short plate and distributed evenly using tissue paper and leaved to dry for a short time. Glass plates and sealers using clamps were assembled according to manufacturer’s instructions. 60ml of 6%PAGE, 40ÃŽ ¼L of TEMED (Tetra-methyl-ethylene-diamine), and 400ÃŽ ¼L of 10% ammonium persulfate (APS), previously stored at 40C were mixed into beaker. The gel was leaved to polymerize for about 1hr. After 1hr polymerization it was assembled in an electrophoresis unit. After cleaning the wall with 1X TBE buffer, the gel was pre-run at constant 1500w for 30 min to clean the gel and pre heat the buffer to about 60-650. 20ÃŽ ¼Lof PCR amplified product was mixed with 5ÃŽ ¼L of the loading buffer and added 5ÃŽ ¼L in each well. The electrophoresis unit was resumed and allowed to proceed at 1200w constant until loading buffer covered more than 3/4 of the distance. Finally the unit was disassembled and the gel was subjected to silver staining. Silver staining Gel was soaked for 20-30 min in staining solution with gentle shaking followed by washing in water for 3 sec. For developing color, gel was soaked in developer solution with gentle shaking until band appeared. The gel was rinsed in water for several minutes. Then the gel was air dried and visualized under normal light. 3.2.3.3. Data analysis 3.2.3.3.1. Analysis of polymorphism Unambiguous polymorphic bands were scored visually for the presence or absence of corresponding bands among the tested accessions. Stutter and background bands were excluded. Those SSR markers displaying no polymorphisms, non-specific banding patterns or without PCR products were discarded. Molecular data were prepared by scoring the SSR markers amplification profile as present or absent for each marker to generate a binary matrix. 4. RESUTS The study was designed to provide genetic identity for introgression lines carrying African rice genes by using molecular markers. Twenty one rice genotypes were used in this study (Table 1). A total of twenty two pairs of SSR primers distributed in 9 rice chromosomes were selected to analyze the twenty one genotypes. The sequence and the details of selected primers showed in table 2 4.1. Analysis of polymorphism SSR-PCR reaction system was optimized with 3% agarose gel electrophoresis and SSR markers were analysed with 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polymorphism was analysed with composited 22 pairs of SSR primers and optimized SSR-PCR system to determine the appropriate SSR markers applied in fingerprint mapping. Banding patterns generated by primer pairs RM310, RM213, RM202, and RM80 in 21 genotypes are shown in Fig 1.and Fig 3., while RM337 are shown in Fig 2. A total of 91 alleles were detected across 21 rice genotypes using 22 SSR markers. The maximum number of polymorphic alleles was 6, while the minimum number of polymorphic bands (2 alleles) was amplified with the markers RM 85, RM240. The average number of polymorphic alleles per marker was 4.1. Molecular data were ready for recording the SSR markers amplification profile as current (1) or absent (0) for each marker to create a binary matrix. The binary matrix data were analyzed through the use of the Similarity for Qualitative Data (SIMQUAL) module to generate Dice similarity coefficients [Dice LR. 1945]. The similarity coefficients were used to construct dendrograms using the Unweighted Pair Group Methods with Arithmetic means (UPGMA). 4.2. Cluster analysis The SSR markers were able to distinguish between different rice genotypes. The high degree of polymorphism of microsatellite markers allows rapid and efficient identification of rice genotypes. These markers classified the rice genotypes into eight clusters. (Fig4.) According to the results of pylogenetic tree twenty one genotypes were divided into eight groups according to the standard genetic similarity o.73. The lowest diversity was found between ILA65 and ILA78 (similarity level 98%) that strengthen the supposition of close relationship between them. While the highest diversity was found between J23B and other genotypes used in this study at similarity level 35%. These obtained results could be due to the number of SSR markers used in the study or the bias of genetic similarity estimation conducted by the UPGMA-based method. 4.3. Principal component analysis A principal component was performed using 22 SSR markers. The Values of the Eigen values and their contribution to variation are presented in Table 3. The score plot of 21 genotypes based on the first two principal components is presented in Fig 5. 4.4. Genetic similarity among Rice genotypes The Dic similarity was computed according to the obtained data from the polymorphic primers. The similarity index value obtained for each pair wise comparison among the 21 genotypes and presented in Table 4. The similarity coefficients ranged from 23.08% to 97.8% among tested genotypes. ILA 65 and ILA78 were the most similar among all the genotypes with a coefficient of 0.9780. The least similar genotypes were J23B and ILA19, ILA123 with a coefficient of 0.2308. 4.5. The fingerprints for identification The results showed the molecular identification of 21 Rice genotypes using 22 SSR polymorphic sequences. The thirteen Pair of these SSR primers were selected from the polymorphic primers which can amplify clear bands and have more alleles to identity nineteen introgression lines carrying African rice genes and three varieties. Table 5 The microsatellite assay generated cultivar-specific alleles in some of the genotypes screened; these used as DNA fingerprints for genotypes identification. This will be the assistance for the establishment and defense of proprietary rights and the determination of cultivar purity. The core SSR used to generate the fingerprint code of each used germplasm Table 6. 5. DISCUSSIONS In our study, microsatellite markers were used for investigating genetic diversity of 21 rice genotypes under study (Table 1). To this end, 22 primer pairs of microsatellite were used which had relatively high polymorphism in available literatures (Table 2). According to the previous results primer pairs will be referred to as loci and DNA bands as alleles (Sefc et al., 2000). The number of alleles obtained by microsatellite markers varied from 2 to 6 with an average of 4.1 alleles per locus. However, the average numbers of alleles detected in present study were significantly higher than this reported by JOSH et al. (2006) in non-Basmati aromatic rice genotypes of India which equals 2.6. The disparity among reports might be due to genotype number, SSR loci distribution, concerned sets of germplasm and gel electrophoresis method adopted in various studies. Higher number of alleles was found when a large number of landraces from a wide range of geographical origins were included in the study (Brondani et al., 2006). The cluster analysis, using unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) was constructed for measuring genetic diversity and relatedness among the genotypes (Fig. 3). 5.1 cluster analysis based on SSR markers The similarity matrix was computed using SSR markers based on Dic’s coefficient following the UPGMA method using SHAN programme of NTSYS-pc. The Dic’s similarity coefficient for the SSR data set varied from 0.2308 to 0.9780. According to the results of phylogenetic treeà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ Figure1) Twenty one introgression lines and cultivars were divided into eight groups according to the standard genetic similarity which is 0.73. The first group ILA17, ILA13, STB, STA/F The second group ILA11 The third group ILA145, ILA21 The fourth group ILA12, ILA166, ILA1 The fifth group ILA147, ILB19, ILA172, ILA65, ILA78, ILA30, ILA29, ILA60 The sixth group ILA19 The seventh group ILA123 The eighth group J23B In group fifth we can distinguish two sub groups: sub group V-1 having ILA147, ILB19 and sub group V-2 having ILA172, ILA65, ILA78, ILA30, ILA29, and ILA60 but they were closely related groups. And five groups according to the standard genetic similarity which is 0.67. ILA17, ILA13, STB, STA/F ILA11, ILA145, ILA21, ILA12, ILA166, ILA1 ILA147, ILB19, ILA172, ILA65, ILA78, ILA30, ILA29, ILA60 ILA19, ILA123 J23B Rice genotypes clustered into eight well defined groups in accordance with their pedigree, probably due to the origin genetic of these materials, because most genotypes obtained from other genotypes and had similar pedigree. The studied Rice genotypes were showed existence of genetic diversity among 21 rice genotypes. The SSR markers played an important role in studying the germplasm diversity in rice (Yu et al., 2005). The results indicated that SSR analysis could be a better method to study the genetic diversity in rice. The highest genetic distance was found between ILA17 and J23B, where they held the first and last position of the dendrogram. On the other hand, the lowest genetic distance was found between ILA65 and ILA78 in the same group. This result consistent with the pedigree of these two ILs which shared a high proportion of ancestry (Table 1) SSR markers efficiently separated the rice genotypes into groups consistent with their origin and pedigree. Gerdes and Tracy (1994) explained that pedigree relationship can be used as an indicator to test the effectiveness of markers in determining relationships among breeding lines. Our results showed that the SSR markers were able to detect the extent of genetic diversity among rice genotypes used in this study. 5.2 Principal component analysis The principal component analysis study was also done using the subroutine EIGEN. The PCA results showed that the PC1 contributed 65.1389% followed by PC2 7.8560% and cumulative variance of first two PCA was 72.9948%. The results were close similarity of the results obtained based on unweighted pair group method with Arithmetic average (UPGMA) 5.3 similarity index A similarity matrix according to the proportion of shared SSR fragments was used to establish the level of relatedness between the tested genotypes. Pair-wise estimates of similarity ranged from 0.2308 to 0.9780 and the average similarity among all genotypes was 0.6807 (table 3.). Two genotypes ILA65 and ILA78 were the closest related genotypes with the highest similarity index of 97.8%. This was followed by 94.51% similarity between two pairs of genotypes ILA166 and ILA1. The lowest similarity (23.08%) was observed between genotypes ILA19 and J23B, ILA123 and J23B. As expected, J23B had the greatest dissimilarity with all the other tested genotypes. The similarity coefficients of J23B with all the other genotypes ranged from 0.2308 to 0.4396. It could be concluded that Simple Sequence Repeat markers could identify the different rice genotypes, and some of rice genotypes under investigation have probably originated from closely related ancestors and possess high degree of genetic sim ilarity. 5.4 DNA fingerprinting analysis Finally the thirteen pairs of SSR primers were selected from the polymorphic primers as the core set of SSRs (Table4) which could detect varying numbers of polymorphic bands. Their amplified bands were clear, legible, easy to count, and distinguishable from one another. These markers were distributed among 8 rice chromosomes. The microsatellites exhibited several bands that were shared among the check genotypes. Eight accessions (ILA123, ILA19, ILA21, ILA12, ILA145, ILA11, STA/F, STB) displayed unique bands in comparison with all other genotypes with different microsatellite markers. SSR markers analysis will help the identification and differentiation of introgression lines. The information will enable construct a DNA fingerprinting database of tested rice genotypes (Table 6). Construct a unique DNA fingerprints of the tested genotypes can distinguish each of the tested materials and provide basic guidelines for its conservation. CONCLUSION Through the present study, a total of 18 introgression lines carrying African rice genes and three Varieties were identified with specific SSR primer. DNA-based SSR markers revealed high genetic diversity among the genotypes and were able to differentiate them successfully. The similarity index values ranged from 0.2308 to 0.9780 Highest similarity (0.9780 ) observed between ILA65 and ILA78, whereas lowest similarity (0.2308) obtained between ILA19 and J23B, ILA123 and J23B. Thus, it can be inferred that more diversity was detected using SSR markers as it is evident from its similarity value. Results showed the high polymorphism and abundance of SSR sequences in rice. Total of 13 primers were selected to generate fingerprint of 21 genotypes Amany Kamel Elhabbak

Compaison of two poems †‘Night Over Birkenau’ and ‘Earrings’ Essay

This essay will be analysing and contrasting two poems relating to the Auschwitz concentration camp during WWII and how it diversely affected Jews. The first poem is ‘Night over Birkenau,’ a first hand experience poem written by Tadeusz Borowski to display the daily lives of Jewish prisoners in concentration camps and ‘Earrings,’ a second generation poem by Annette Bialik Harchik, written to inform readers how Jewish women were imprisoned whilst exploring aspects such as the racial discrimination by Nazi Germans in the Auschwitz concentration camp. By exploring these aspects it seems that the poems are written to give a voice to the deceased Jews who have died without having the chance to inform the world about the inhumane crimes inflict upon them deceitfully. From the start of ‘Night over Birkenau’ readers are given a clear insight to the poem’s setting, hence the title ‘Night over Birkenau.’ This gives readers the sense of insecurity as a setting in the night is likely to be more vile. This is then reinforced in, â€Å"Again the grim sky closes.† ‘Grim’ gives readers a sense of horror; and ‘sky closes’ evidently proves that the prisoners are captivated in this horror, it is inescapable. ‘Again’ reinforces that it is cyclic, constant and never ending within their hearts. The Jews’ feeling of horror is initially derived from the horrifying methods used by the Nazi Germans to exterminate them. These were methods such as the crematorium, â€Å"and the eyes of the crematorium blaze.† The word ‘blaze’ allows readers to interpret the intensity and aggressiveness of the flame but it is the use of personification in ‘eyes’ which emphasises the intensity of the heat as the eyes symbolise the shape of an igniting red and blue flame. The personification allows readers to interpret how slow the Nazi Germans have made the length of the termination process, as the eyes represent a quality of live humans. They were burnt alive which emphasises the agony that Jews had to go through. Just to die in the end. All this gives us a like comparison of hell. In my opinion, the Germans in the poem possess a character equivalent God’s, shown by their possessiveness over a wide nation, and, how they wiped them easily because of their ignorant, unjustified hate. There is further reference to the ‘eyes’ later in the poem which can effectively be linked to stanza four where Borowski refers to the eyes and the poison on the same line, â€Å"my eyes are poisoned from sleep.† This reinforces the idea that the prisoners were tortured in the methods of death used as poison takes a long time to distil in the body, slowly working its way through the body resulting in the victim left in agony. Alternatively, the reference to the ‘eyes’ made in the above quotes can mean that the Germans’ crimes were being watched and would not go without being known to the world (hence how we now know). The use of ‘eyes’ shows that they are being watched more widely than simply saying ‘eye’. Imagery of nature’s deceitful and unwilling characteristic is similarly portrayed in ‘Earrings.’ At the end of the poem, we are similarly shown how nature trying to contribute to the Germans’ crimes. This is shown on the ending stanza of the poem. Harchik does this by describing the holes dug in which the camp prisoners’ corpses to be buried in, â€Å"The empty holes,† and, on the next line they are described as ‘grown shut.’ This is a very effective way to use language, it emphasises nature’s attempt to stop the finding of the Jews’ corpses after the massacre. This is shown by the use of oxymoron to emphasise how the holes that the Germans have dug to mass bury the prisoners’ corpses is veiled by grass growing over the burial sites eventually levelling off with the rest of the earth. The idea of nature’s conceal of the Germans’ crimes is similarly portrayed in ‘Night over Birkenau.’ â€Å"Fog descends over Birkenau.† ‘Descends’ allows readers to see the slow approach of the ‘fog’ covering all signs of reality. The use of ‘fog’ allows readers to interpret the spreading of loss and confusion on its progression. The fog concealing Birkenau can symbolise the ignorance of the outside world. They were blinded by mere fog which the Germans used as a temporary veil to their crimes. The world’s ignorance is shown by the way the outside world did not have a basic outlook of what was actually happening inside this typical, yet deceitful looking camp. Day be day, the tension of: hunger;sickness and fear accumulated within the prisoners. Even their feet were not put to rest. But, instead, they had to wear wooden shoes. A source of pain and can sometimes prove fatal. And with all this people in the Auschwitz camp were losing sanity. They were afraid of dying. Not just dying; but not being found again. Borowski cleverly presents the loss of sanity to readers by the theme of astronomy, â€Å"blue Orion- lost among the stars.† For one, a setting in outer space is very effective as it reinforces the same theme as the night, as space, likewise, is pitch black. The real reason to why Borowski used this quote is because the Orion is visible to everyone, all around the world. Yet, historically, because of the business (and lack of care) the world gave no attention to the crimes which were happening. Physical loss is shown in ‘Earrings’ in stanza four. On the first line, Harchik shows readers how atrocious her mother’s physical condition is once she left her ‘earrings’ from the last stanza, â€Å"Under her wavy white hair.† The use of ‘white’ emphasises the dramatic change in physical attributes that happen within a character – this emphasises how much the camp prisoners must have been worked out. The use of the alliteration, ‘Wavy white,’ gives a double impact and meaning to the ageing idea, as similarly ‘wavy’ hair is often degraded in quality and is the last stage of hair ‘development’ within a person thus it is a characteristic of an ageing person. Fear is heavily referred to in ‘Night over Birkenau.’ It was the initial reason to why people in concentration camps lost sanity. This fear of death and humiliation had a huge psychological impact on the prisoners. Which, with the deprivation of food and water, depression and over working – it could only get worse. The first stanza describes the potential threat which the camp prisoners are facing, and this is done in very simple and deeply understood language, â€Å"Like a crouching beast over the camp.† The word ‘beast’ is used to portray a grim character which will do anything possible to harness its goal. This fear is further reinforced because a ‘beast’ also possesses a savage, daunting appearance. But fear is shown when Borowski uses the word ‘crouching,’ to show that prisoners lived under threat as the Nazi Germans have the potential to take you. Just like the beast. The use of enjambment helps to reinforce the beast’s potential tokill by the use of death imagery, â€Å"The moon sets pale as a corpse.† The colour of the moon is comparable to ‘corpse.’ The aftermath of death. Alternatively this can show fear by the way that prisoners could not look up to the sky for hope but misery. At the beginning of stanza two, Borowski shows readers the lack of defence prisoners had and their vulnerability to the Nazi Germans in, â€Å"And like a shield abandoned in battle.† The use of ‘shield;’ ‘abandoned’ and ‘abandoned’ in his simile allows readers to see the situation the Jews were in. They could not retaliate, as, without a shield, they could not defend themselves enough to make it a fair battle. They were betrayed; and their only chance of survival was by following their enemies’ instructions until their fates are decided. This quote can link with, â€Å"Lead foot crushing my chest.† ‘Lead’ is a metallic element, and without the ‘shield’ mentioned earlier, prisoners were not able to defend themselves against the metallic ‘crush’ attack style inflicted by the Nazis’ boots, making them resign for the humiliation. We can see this by the way the poet chooses to describe all images of fear and death figuratively to personify how they were mislead to the ‘gate of hell’, â€Å"The transports growl in darkness.† Borowski chooses to use ‘transports’ instead of simply saying ‘transport,’ to emphasise the abnormal amount of train activity in the camp. The fear is further reinforced by the use of onomatopoeia, ‘growl’ which can be linked to animal imagery of the beast in stanza one. The purposeful play of plurals is used similarly in stanza 4 to convey a different meaning, â€Å"Like God’s judgement on the corpse of the earth.† This only refers to one thing ‘corpse,’ instead of saying ‘corpses’ – this is done to show that the Jews’ unity. They all went through the same experience and they all die in the same place, they were all equal in such a tragedy. Fear is presented in a differently in ‘Earrings.’ Harchik identifies her family’s name on the first line; instead of keeping anonymous as Borowski does in his poem. This shows us that the intention of the poet was to speak out to give a voice to the Jewish women almost 45 years after the mass termination of the Jews in her poem published in 1989 with other similar poems speaking about Jewish women in the Auschwitz camp. The way in which the Jewish generation suddenly arises from its dormant state in decades shows how survivors were afflicted with fear from the experience they had to go through. ‘Earrings’ shows speaks out by, first of all, giving her family’s name, with the basis of the poem coming first hand from her mother’s perspective but is also based around other Jewish women, the general picture. In comparison to ‘Night over Brikenau,’ ‘Earrings’ surround itself around a more factual and authoritative theme thus it is less emotional. Readers are shown the poem’s factual content by Harchik’s straightforward language, which is effective and to the point, â€Å"stripped, shorn and tattooed.† Straightforward and to the point. Loss is presented in both poems. But, in ‘Earrings’ Harchik shows the readers the loss by deprivation of vital things to Jewish girls, such as culture. â€Å"Ears pierced in infancy; adorned in string golden hoops for girlhood; diamond studs for marriage.† Harchik shows the loss of identity and culture by the way that people, without her earrings, would not be able to differentiate whether she is married or not – they lost their identity. And the importance is shown by the clever use of semi-colons to emphasise how each step and every step was equal in importance and must be conducted in a woman’s lifetime and the deaths of Jewish children shows the deprivation that is caused by the Germans. Harchik explores the aspect of death in the concentration camp. This is shown in stanza three to show the death toll of the prisoner’s using the earrings as a symbol of their identity: â€Å"leaving behind her—earrings in a huge glittering pile of jewelry.† The word ‘huge’ emphasises the sheer amount of women imprisoned as they have all left their belongings in the pile. Harchik uses the word ‘leave’ to show the that her mother left her possessions with her intention – which reinforces the deceitfulness of the Nazi Germans as they lied and told the Jews that they were only going in for a ‘shower,’ when, in fact they were to be inhaled with toxic gas. ‘Glittering’ shows that the jewellery was new and polished – in other words, it was to give an impression. This can be referred historically to the way Jews were deceived into a wrong destination, the total opposite of what they have been told. A destination in which there minds would never dwell on. Alternatively, ‘glittering’ can suggest the speed at which everything is happening, which is very fast. Whilst the pile of jewellery is ‘huge,’ it is still ‘glittering’ to emphasise the activity of women leaving their possessions and never coming back out. Both poems portray the same sense of unity between the Jews making them ‘one’. This is shown in a simpler and more effective form in ‘Earrings’ because the link of unity between the Jewish women was also a link of culture as all the women carried at least earrings. Harchik shows us this by using the world ‘pile’ in, â€Å"in a huge glittering pile of jewelry.† ‘Pile’ suggests the disorganization in the camp – which reinforces the idea how everything in the camp was going at extreme speed. But, it is this ‘pile’ which suggests the equality that all the Jews had – every person’s possessions was mixed in a huge pile with other cheaper or more expensive items. There is a huge range of who’s this jewlerry may belong to whether it was a poor or a rich person. All that really mattered was that these people were Jewish. In ‘Night over Birkenau,’ Borowski displays the aspect of humiliation in a discreet way to emphasises his feelings. A clear example of this humiliation is shown in stanza three. Humiliation is shown here when the Nazi Germans stamped their shoes on the prisoners to show how their dominance over them as they are the ‘Arian race’ and how Jews were inferior in comparison to them. â€Å"This lead foot crushing my chest.†The use of words like ‘crushing’ is effective, it does not simply say ‘stamping’ but goes into a higher level of complexity to relate it to make it deadlier to emphasise that the Germans were never lenient with the camp prisoners. This can subtlety linked with the previous line of the Stanza ‘Breath rattles’, which is a sound of suffocation as the Germans crushed the prisoner’s chest. From this, we can deduce how Jews were racially ridiculed as soon as they entered the camp. They were not only humiliated but seized in a deadly way which is reinforced in the enjambment, â€Å"is the silence of three million dead.† This is what almost all Jews had to go through; regardless of who they were in the other world: the world were they had their own names. Prisoners humiliation is portrayed in ‘Earrings.’ Harchik guides readers through it in a chronological format where commas identify the pause between every step, â€Å"my mother was stripped,shorn,tattooed.† Harchik uses a continuous 3 line enjambment to show the speed at which everything is happening. Once prisoners are off the train they must do what the Nazi Germans tell them without a pause. The personal reference to her mother will make readers more sympathetic towards the situation since a mother is a character of significance. Prisoners were treated barbarically like a herd of sheep. We can see this by the way they had to follow all orders given to them, just like the sheep would do to the farmer without a halt. What is even more humiliating, is the way that the womens’ heads were shaven off completely, ‘shorn.’ This is done to remove any environmental variation between them. They could not be themselves – they were almost clones of each other serving the Germans. They were not easily differentiable and in some cases it was non-deferential between a man and a woman. And this mark of identity is shown by the way they were ‘tattooed’ – almost a sign from the Germans of their permanency in the camp. This shows the how some prisoners were even humiliated by their simple, indirect thoughts. There is also an effective use of alliteration in both ‘Night over Birkenau’ and ‘Earrings.’ Both of the poems use alliteration to convey both both the onomatopoeic meaning and a hidden historical inference. In ‘Night over Birkenau,’ alliteration is used to show death â€Å"It’s steamy stifling.† This refers to the sound of a snake ‘Ss’, which is an example of animal imagery with the intention to bring death. The use of ‘steam’ emphasises the intensity of temperature whilst ‘stifling’ reinforces the idea of the Germans’ control. Despite the ‘living’ conditions they are in – they are forced to live through it. The punchy full-stop is used to show an end to the life of prisoners who chose to give up than live under control. Alliteration is similarly used in ‘Earrings’ to show the camp’s treatment towards prisoners â€Å"My mother was stripped,shorn.† The alliterate use of ‘Ss’ is used here again, ‘striped,shorn.’ The main use of alliteration here is because of its historical reference. ‘SS’ stood for ‘Schutzstaffel’, a major Nazi military organisation run by Adolph Hitler during World War 2 – this organization was primarily responsible for the crimes for the crimes against humanity, thus was the major inflict of pain and suffering to the Jews. Onomatopoeia is used in ‘shorn’ and when read gives a ‘Shhh’, a sound of sheering – which reinforces that the women prisoners’ heads were shaved off. Reference to religion in poetry helped prisoners to keep sane during very demanding times. With the prisoners’ loss of identity, culture and even their name there would only be one thing in which they can truly embrace in their hearts without the feeling of a threat, which is religion. In ‘Night over Birkenau’ religious issues are raised and introduced in the first stanza to set an instant scene of terror, â€Å"Grim sky closes circling like a vulture over the dead silence.† The idea of the sky ‘circling’ in vulture like motions, in Jewish scriptures is a sign to determine the Day of Judgement. They felt that this was the end of the Jewish spurt. And indeed; it was the ‘Day of Judgement’ for them – this was the Nazi Germans’ intention. To wipe out all Jews from existence. Alternatively, the quote can be used to show the death by animal imagery. The Nazi Germans are seen as the ‘vulture’, circling around its prey, the Jews. This simile further emphasises the vulnerability of the prisoners. Borowski chooses a vulture to show how strongly patrolled the prisoners were. Whilst they may think that they are safe – they are still watched cautiously by the Nazi Germans. On stanza three, readers are evidently shown the death. Not figuratively but statistically. â€Å"Is the silence of three million dead.† Furthermore, these quotes can link us as to how Borowski consciously gives evidence to the silence in the camp emphasising the Jews fearfulness speak. Silence is shown when Borowski coherently uses death imagery and death implies silence – this is evident by the poet in the fourth stanza, â€Å"like a vulture over the dead silence;† and this is reinforced by â€Å"Is the silence of three million dead.† In comparison with ‘Earrings,’ there is no involvement of religion.’Earrings’ concentrates on culture and identity. ‘Night over Birkenau’ is structured chronologically. The first stanza gives readers an insight to the poem’s setting including the thematic information to give the reader an idea as to what the poem is about. The first two lines of the second stanza progress to tell the reader about the emotions that the people felt; including their loss which is an effective follow-up from stanza one’s description of the night, the last two lines of stanza two show us the feelings of the people on the way to enter the camp, ‘The transports growl in darkness.’ Stanza three concentrates on the suffering and humiliation that the camp prisoners went through. The image of death is effectively shown throughout this stanza and there is an effective use of punctuation to reinforce death and tension, ‘It’s steamy, stifling. Sleep is a stone.’ Contracted form is used to reinforce the idea of ‘stifling’ as it can be used to show the suffocation and lack of space the prisoners had. The full-stop at the end of ‘steamy, stifling.’ can be used to show an end of life to some prisoners. The obvious idea of death is shown at the end, ‘is the silence of three million dead.’ Stanza four is cyclic to stanza one and gives the repetition of night, ‘Night, night without end. No dawn comes.’ The repetition of the night shows us the routine of the prisoners’ daily life in the camp but an alternative interpretation would be that the prisoners did not have hope, and hence ‘No dawn comes.’ Dawn is the opposite of night, thus it must mean hope and the dawn not coming reinforced the idea that hope did not come. Also, notice how there is a consistency in the number of lines in each stanza – this can also show how there was the same daily routine in the camp, Borowski makes everything in the poem repetitious just to show the number of times these crimes have happened without the world knowing – the prisoners did not have a voice. We can see Borowski’s cyclic approach from the beginning of the poem, â€Å"Night again. Again the grim sky closes.† The use of repetition, ‘again,’ reinforces the idea of routine and the tediousness of camp life. This is also effective when the poem is actually being read as ‘again’ is repeated twice. This is similarly portrayed in the ‘Earrings.’ Both poems follow the same gradual chronology – birth to death. This is slightly different in ‘Earrings.’ Harchik does not set a scene but ironically shows us the earrings as being a part of the prisoners’ life, it was a sign of hope for them. Harchik instead uses ‘tabbing’ structure to separate the ‘earrings’ away from the poem to similarly show the lack of hope but it is now shown ironically in comparison to ‘Night over Birkenau’ as the object of hope is now away rather than the object of misery being within the text. This can be interpreted to show how far away it was for the prisoners to be heard by the rest of the world and the lack of voice they received. ‘Earrings’ is a personal second generation poem and therefore the language nor the structure did not touch on sensitive issues that the Jewish generation in general felt, but bases it on what Annette Harchik’s mother. The ‘tabbing’ structure is heavily relied on by the poet to describe what it was before and after the entrance in the camp. The first stanza talks about her own family’s perspective and we notice how it consists of 3 lines to show that it has a lower priority in comparison with stanza 2 which gives background information relating to all the women in the camp and thus given four lines. The third stanza is the biggest with the factual content of what has happened to her mother, ‘my mother was stripped.’ Although Harchik bases this on the mother, she does go forward to give the idea on the wider perspective of what has happened to the people on the last line of stanza three, ‘in a huge glittering pile of jewelry.’ The enjambment used from the last line follow on from ‘earrings’, the symbol of the people – this is effective use of the enjambment because it links very well to the ‘huge glittering pile,’ which again evidently shows that a wide number of people were involved. Punctuation in ‘Earrings’ is less intense than ‘Night over Birkenau’. Harchik uses punctuation to separate different thing in the camp in a ‘step to step’ format, â€Å"mother was stripped, shorn, and tattooed.† Notice how there is a comma between every step that her mother has to go through, this is effective to the reader as they have to ‘pause’ between every step. This can also be interpreted to show the sheer humiliation that the camp prisoners had to go through – the pause emphasises that the prisoners had to stand there waiting for the next step to be conducted right in-front of crowds upon crowds of other, humiliated people. Lack of hope is similar between both ‘Earrings’ and ‘Night over Birkenau,’ both poems repeat the ‘symbol’ which is bringing misery or ironically in ‘Earrings,’ hope. In ‘Earrings,’ we witness the presence of the word ‘earrings’ in the first stanza to start the poem and the third stanza where the conflict is being described, once again the ‘tabbing’ structure between the text and ‘earrings’ emphasises that there is a lack of hope; which is similarly show in ‘Night over Birkenau’ but with the text to show the lingering presence of evil.. From studying these poems. I can evidently see that Borowski is a poet who has went through a lot of pain and agony before having the courage to show the world exactly what happened to Jewish prisoners during WW2. This is shown in his poem by the coherent references to methods of deaths, torture and disturbing images. We can learn from the poem, and his character is that living through demanding times – like a concentration camps can totally change one’s state of mind – and this is why Borowski has a coherent reference to death imagery – to feel like he’s not the only one. But even with all this, it was amazingly hard to escape the camp, but even harder to escape the mental scars which the camp’s life has subsided within him; resulting in an arousal of his suicidal feelings, and hence this mental disturbance caused him to commit suicide at the mere age of 28 despite being freed from the camp. Both poems allow us to relate to the massacres that have occurred during World War II to the Jews, as both flow progressively in a structured order. ‘Earrings’ has successfully explored the identity, culture and humiliation aspect in stanza three, whilst on the other hand, ‘Night over Birkenau’ heavily related to the fear and the death. In my opinion, the poet is trying to show readers that nothing exceeds humiliation, loss of culture and identity. And hence why Harchik after many years after the Holocaust she merely goes into the aspect of death but instead comments on the humiliation, loss of identity and culture. Her determination to inform the world is evident in her poetry. Her determination to tell the world about the Germans’ crimes gained her credaince to publish ‘Earrings’ in â€Å"Blood to remember† a 21st century version of the original ‘Earrings’ with a wider use of structure to further convey the loss of people. Personally, I preferred studying ‘Night over Birkenau’ as Borowski conveys his meaning to readers in a very vivid way. It is very inspiring and makes me think about how horrible it must have been to be in such a demanding situation. ‘Night over Birkenau’ allowed me to see how the world can be very deceitful to obtain and help who it wants and the constant repetition to the silence allowed me to think about how can the outside world not pay any attention to anyone. Not even a threatened nation fore coming the plague of World War 2’s plagued war-zone.